Courses

DOSM 403 - Clinical Education III

• Apply the principles of radiation protection to clinical practice.
• Apply safe, ethical, and legal practices.
• Assumes primary role interacting with the radiation oncologist.
• Create plan specific regions of interest for IMRT/VMAT (i.e. rings)
• Develops basic IMRT/VMAT plans.
• Optimizes IMRT/VMAT plan following the planning directive.
• Develops basic Brachytherapy plans.
• Evaluates IMRT/VMAT and Brachytherapy treatment plans against achievement of the planning directive.
• Compare multiple plans against the planning directive using plan comparison tools.
• Assumes primary role in development of set-up, plan verification, importation of plan into the record and verify system, and discussions of plan with radiation oncology staff.
• Develop and analyzes a basic IMRT/VMAT treatment plan.
• Develop and analyzes a basic Brachytherapy treatment plan.

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DOSM 404 - Clinical Education IV

• Apply the principles of radiation protection to clinical practice.
• Apply safe, ethical, and legal practices.
• Assume primary role interacting with the radiation oncologist and Medical Physicist for all treatment planning activities.
• Practice creating and evaluating complex IMRT and/or VMAT plans.
• Evaluate IMRT/VMAT treatment plans against achievement of the planning directive.
• Assume primary role in development of set-up, plan verification, importation of plan into the record and verify system, and discussions of plan with radiation oncology staff.
• Develop and analyze a complex treatment planning following a specific published protocol.
• Develop and analyze a complex IMRT and/or VMAT treatment plan.
• Develop and analyze a complex head and neck treatment plan using IMRT, VMAT, and/or 3D planning techniques.
•  Develop and analyze a complex brain treatment plan using IMRT, VMAT, and/or 3D planning techniques.

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DOSM 405 - Clinical Education V

• Apply the principles of radiation protection to clinical practice.
• Apply safe, ethical, and legal practices.
• Assume primary role interacting with the radiation oncologist and Medical Physicist for all treatment planning activities.
• Practice creating and evaluating complex Special casework treatment plans. 
•  Evaluate Special casework treatment plans against achievement of the planning directive.
• Assume primary role in development of set-up, plan verification, importation of plan into the record and verify system, and discussions of plan with radiation oncology staff.
• Develop and analyze a chest wall treatment plan utilizing the reverse hockey stick planning technique.
• Develop and analyze a complex composite treatment plan incorporating previously treated radiation fields and current treatment fields.
• Develop and analyze a complex treatment plan demonstrating abutting treatment fields.
• Develop and analyze a Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) treatment plan.
• Develop and analyze a 4D treatment plan

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DOSM 406 - Clinical Education VI

• Apply the principles of radiation protection to clinical practice.
• Apply safe, ethical, and legal practices.
• Assume primary role interacting with the radiation oncologist and Medical Physicist for all treatment planning activities.
• Practice creating and evaluating complex Special Brachytherapy treatment plans.
• Practice creating and evaluating complex Special Casework treatment plans
• Assume primary role in development of set-up, plan verification, importation of plan into the record and verify system, and discussions of plan with radiation oncology staff.
• Develop and analyzes a Low Dose Rate (LDR) permanent implant brachytherapy plan. 
• Develop and analyzes a Low Dose Rate (LDR) Tandem and Ovoid (T & O) brachytherapy plan.
• Develop and analyzes a High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy plans for cervix, bronchus, and prostate.
• Develop and analyzes a High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy plan utilizing the SAVI? (strut adjusted volume implant) technique.
• Develop and analyzes a High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy plan utilizing the Mammosite? technique.

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DOSM 442 - Brachytherapy for Medical Dosimetrists

• Demonstrate ability to calculate linear and specific source activity.
• Demonstrate ability to convert between different units of activity.
• Able to define isotropy and anisotropy and discuss how these each affect a brachytherapy plan.
• Demonstrate ability to employ different planning techniques to limit dose to critical structures.
• Evaluate the needs of imaging for both HDR and LDR brachytherapy cases.
• Demonstrate ability to calculate an isotope’s half-life and mean-life.
• Demonstrate ability to perform hand calculations for simple volume and planar implants based on the Paterson-Parker System.
• Demonstrate ability to determine the duration of an implant based on specified dose rate.
• Evaluate the following implant systems: Paterson-Parker, Quimby, Paris and Computer.
• Demonstrate ability to define key QA recommendations by AAPM Task Group Reports 56, 59 and 64.
• Evaluate the role of a Remote Afterloader and its role within radiation protection.
• Assess the role of an emergency procedure plan and demonstrate proper procedure for emergent situations.

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DOSM 443 - Quality Assurance for Medical Dosimetry

• Demonstrate ability to assess and knowledge of components to a successful QA program.
• Be able to evaluate the QA for a linear accelerator and thresholds for variance.
• Demonstrate knowledge of typical QA practices for Multileaf Collimators.
• Be able to identify and evaluate key TG-53 recommendations.
• Apply knowledge of how to report and document a radiation incident, malfunction or machine error.
• Assess the role of DICOM in image transfer to Treatment Planning Systems.
• Be able to evaluate the role of phantom image sets for QA of IMRT and 3D treatment plans.
• Demonstrate ability to use registration and fusion tools for assessing image integrity across a network.
• Assess the role of outside agencies to assist in developing and ensuring adherence to quality practice standards.
• Demonstrate knowledge of dosimetric accuracy and relative uncertainties of tools used for verification of dose planned for treatment.
  

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DOSM 475 - Concept Integration and Case Studies

• Define the roles and responsibilities of the Medical Dosimetrist.
• Assess current research trends and identify implications to current practice of treatment planning.
• Define key planning goals for 2D, 3D, IMRT and special treatment procedures.
• Analyze a treatment plan for accuracy, reporting consistency and representing the desired treatment outcome.
• Calculate the dose and MU settings for a wide range of clinical scenarios using both manual and computer aided systems.
• Define key planning benchmarks for radioactive seed/material implants.
• Identify components of a successful QA program.
• For anatomical sites of the Head and Neck, CNS, Thorax, Breast, Abdomen, Pelvis and Extremities, define and indentify:

• Anatomy (including critical structure dose limits
• Pathology consideration for planning
• Treatment Port design and dosimetric considerations
• Site specific simulation practices
• Imaging requirements for various planning methods
• Appropriate dose reporting and valid calculations

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RAIT 301 - Sectional Anatomy

• Identify normal anatomy of structures listed in the content using images from various special imaging modalities.
• Predict the relative location of structures surrounding those presented in images.
• Explain the physiology and circulatory patterns of major organs and structures
• Differentiate between normal and abnormal anatomy taking into account anatomic variances, and discussing supporting evidence.
• Compare and contrast CT (Computed Tomography) and MR (Magnetic Resonance) images, including a discussion of their respective roles and effectiveness in diagnostic accuracy for specific cases.
• Analyze and apply the selection process of imaging technology and protocol based on specific cases
• Debate the level of uncertainties associated with interpreting anatomical images and present strategies on how to handle these uncertainties

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RAIT 302 - Body Pathophysiology

• Identify normal physiology of pertinent systems/organs, including a discussion of anatomic variances.
• Identify and analyze pertinent pathologies with physiological implications, including supporting evidence.
• Describe symptoms of identified pathologies and predict their possible implications on systems presenting symptoms and future complications.
• Analyze imaging modalities of choice for pathologies, and examine strategies for selection of a specific imaging technology and protocol.
• Examine possible interventions performed in an imaging department for identified pathologies, and discuss the respective intended outcomes and possible complications.
• Assess the role of imaging modalities in diagnostic evaluations and interventions for specific pathologies.
• Debate the advantages and limitations of imaging modalities used singly or in combination as they apply to specific pathologies and different body systems
• Examine strategies to select appropriate imaging modalities and protocols based on the specific pathology and body system
• Develop imaging protocol recommendations for specific case studies
   

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RAIT 303 - Neuropathophysiology

• Identify normal physiology of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and relate normal to abnormal processes of each.
• Analyze the physiology of the most common primary tumors of the head and spine including reasons for the primary location and metastatic possibilities. 
• Describe the physiology of related structures such as pituitary, orbits, and internal auditory canal—common pathologies and their presenting symptoms. 
• Predict presenting symptoms of head and spine trauma and relate them to diagnostic imaging findings. 
• Examine the most common pathologies of the neurological system, describing associated symptoms and possible imaging strategies
• Describe lesions of the central nervous system including symptoms and diagnostic evaluations. 
• Evaluate possible interventions performed in an imaging department as they relate to the neurological system. 
• Debate the advantages and limitations of imaging modalities used singly or in combination as they apply to specific pathologies of the neurological system
• Examine strategies to select appropriate diagnostic and intervention procedures based on the specific pathology

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RAIT 310 - Computed Tomography Instrumentation & Procedures

• Present the evolution of CT (Computed Tomography) scanning while using appropriate terminology.
• Present in detail the operation of the CT scanner.
• Present in detail the manner in which CT acquires data and constructs the three-dimensional image.
• Analyze the advantages of image manipulation and the considerations for maintaining image quality.
• Discuss the indications, patient preparation, contrast settings and common pathologies as they apply to CT scanning of head, neck, spine and specific body parts
• Develop CT scanning protocol recommendations for specific case studies
• Outline indications, contraindications, and potential emergencies that can occur with the use of oral and intravenous contrast
• Identify cardiac anatomy and coverage for coronary CT angiography and coronary calcium scoring
• Examine common protocols used in neuro and body imaging, particularly pertaining to emergency situations.
• Discuss the signs and symptoms of a stroke and protocols pertaining the code stroke patients, including injection rates, CT perfusion coverage, IV size needed
• Troubleshoot problems that can occur in the CT suite and discuss how these can be dealt with
• Analyze the elements that relate to quality control in CT scanning procedures
• Evaluate current research involving CT exams and procedures for the future.
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RAIT 311 - Clinical Practicum in Computed Tomography

• Prepare supplies according to procedures
• Monitor equipment following procedures and protocols. 
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order.
• Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally. 
• Administer medications as directed.
• Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure.
• Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care.
• Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality.
• Identify anatomy based on image interpretation.
• Set radiographic technique based on specific conditions.
• Identify and label images created according to accepted practices.
• Analyze ethical issues relating to radiographic procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting.
• Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers.
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given CT (Computed Tomography) procedures based on specific case studies
• Documentation of clinical experience in computed tomography procedures in seven categories:
  • Head and Neck
  • Spine and Musculoskeletal
  • Chest
  • Abdomen and Pelvis
  • Special Procedures
  • Image Display and Post Processing
  • Quality Assurance

Specific exams are identified in the Computed Tomography Technology Certification Handbook of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.

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RAIT 312 - Biology of Cancer

• Describe the basic biology and genetics of cells
• Outline an overview of cancer [historical, epidemiological, chronic nature of the disease]
• Explain the cell cycle and its controls
• Describe DNA and its replication
• Identify cellular changes that occur in cancer
• Describe genetic changes that occur in cancer
• Discuss occupational, environmental and viral causes of cancer
• Analyze the general process of angiogenesis and metastasis
• List types of cancer
• Discuss diagnosis and treatments of cancer
• Describe the role of nutrition in cancer
• Describe the societal [social, economic and ethical] impact of the fight against cancer

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RAIT 314 - CT Lab

• Create scan protocols for various technical expectations such as spatial, temporal, and contrast resolution
• Modify scan protocols for patient scenarios such as trauma or pediatric
• Predict image artifacts and recommend adjustments to prevent the artifact
• Create retrospective reconstructed images in multiple image planes

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RAIT 315 - Magnetic Resonance Instrumentation & Procedures

• Define and apply MR (Magnetic Resonance) related terminology.
• Analyze patient and health care worker concerns with regard to magnet safety, including ever-changing safety guidelines regarding implants, and discuss strategies to minimize risks.
• Identify MR related hardware components and describe their function in the production of an MR image
• Define terms referring to MR signal production, describe relationships amongst factors, and the technologist role in each facto
• Define and appropriately apply terms related to image weighting, and examine the process of image weighing and its role in image quality
• Analyze pulse sequences commonly used and their role in the MR process, and describe the circumstances where they are optionally applied.
• Examine MR artifacts, their impact on image quality, processes followed to identify their source, and the remedies required to eliminate or reduce them.
• Outline considerations, contrast agents and protocols for specific MR applications, and develop protocol recommendations for specific studies
• Discuss specialized applications of MR and current research in future applications
• Outline the requirements that create a robust Quality Assurance program
• Analyze various fluid mechanics and vascular imaging techniques needed to create a successful flow study

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RAIT 316 - Clinical Practicum in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1. Apply principles of magnet safety
2. Prepare supplies according to procedures. 
3. Monitor equipment following procedure and protocols. 
4. Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order. 
5. Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally. 
6. Administer medications as directed. 
7. Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure. 
8. Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care. 
9. Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality. 
10. Identify anatomy based on image interpretation. 
11. Set pulse sequence based on specific conditions. 
12. Identify and label images created according to accepted practices. 
13. Analyze ethical issues relating to MRI procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting. 
14. Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers. 
15. Assess the indications and contradictions for given MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) procedures based on specific case studies.

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RAIT 317 - MRI Lab

• Create scan protocols for various technical expectations such as spatial, temporal, and contrast resolution
• Modify scan protocols for patient scenarios such as trauma or pediatric
• Predict image artifacts and recommend adjustments to prevent the artifact
• Create retrospective reconstructed images in multiple image planes

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RAIT 320 - Intervention Procedures

• Describe the elements and function of the interventional suite and examine the role and responsibility of the technologist as it relates to the suite. 
• Identify equipment components used in diagnostic and interventional procedures, and examine the function for each component. 
• Analyze commonly used protocols for procedures including both diagnostic and interventional approaches. 
• Describe patient monitoring equipment and identify and interpret normal readings for patients undergoing procedures. 
• Examine the technologist’s role in the care of critical patients. 
• Discuss pertinent drugs used and analyze post exam patient care procedures. 
• Analyze indications and contraindications for procedures commonly performed. 
• Assess commonly diagnosed pathologies and identify those pathologies where intervention is recommended. 
• Develop diagnostic and interventional procedure recommendations for specific case studies

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RAIT 321 - Vascular Interventional Clinical 1

• At the completion of the course, the student will have proven competence in a minimum of 50% of the required procedures. Competence in a required procedure includes evaluation of a student’s ability to: 
  • Prepare supplies according to procedures
  • Monitor equipment following procedures and protocols. 
  • Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order. 
  • Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally. 
  • Administer medications as directed
  • Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure
  • Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care.
  • Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality
  • Identify anatomy based on image interpretation
  • Set radiographic technique based on specific conditions
  • Identify and label images created according to accepted practices
  • Analyze ethical issues relating to radiographic procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting
  • Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers
  • Assess the indications and contradictions for given vascular-interventional procedures based on specific case studies

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RAIT 322 - VIR Lab

 

Course Outcomes

• Predict equipment required for VIR procedures
• Practice sterile tray setup for VIR procedures
• Create retrospective reconstructed images 

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RAIT 325 - Mammography

• Describe the pertinent components of mammography equipment and their respective role in imaging
• Examine the changes in the quantity and quality of radiation produced with manipulation of technical factors
• Evaluate image quality relative to the technical factors used, the anatomy of the breast, and pathologic conditions
• Evaluate required quality control procedures, and interpret the results of those tests
• Relate the quality control findings to image quality
• Identify normal anatomy and physiology of the breast and describe the effects of pathology on the images
• Describe the role of the technologist in patient education

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RAIT 326 - Sonographic Physics for non-Sonographers

• Identify, contrast, and compare the various types of mechanical waves and the sound spectrum 
• Anticipate and evaluate reflection characteristics based on acoustic impedance calculations 
• Calculate levels of attenuation in tissue 
• Describe and discuss the operational characteristics of an ultrasound transducer 
• Apply the concepts of resolution and focusing to obtain the optimum image; evaluate the image for quality 
• Describe how the ultrasound instrument processes electrical and sonographic information into multidimensional images 
• Describe, discuss, contrast, compare, and identify the Doppler effect in a spectral display 
• Evaluate image artifacts and explain them using reasonable physical principles 
• Discuss the ALARA philosophy, bioeffects of insonation concerning the mechanical index and thermal index 

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RAIT 328 - Breast Ultrasound Lab

• Conduct themselves in a manner that allows for safety of the staff and patients in the ultrasound lab following laboratory and equipment safety procedures
• Identify and select different types/frequencies of transducers appropriate to the patient/exam situation & provide justification to support the selection process
• Utilize appropriate ultrasound system hardware and software for optimal imaging of the breast in accordance with established procedures
• Evaluate breast tissue composition to obtain diagnostic ultrasound images appropriate for each breast density
• Analyze the key elements of and follow accepted protocol for completing a breast ultrasound
• Recognize breast ultrasound artifacts and adjust system controls and technique to compensate
• Develop documentation of all images obtained following documentation standards
• Interrogate breast pathology and apply knowledge of mechanisms of growth to analyze for changes during a follow-up exam
• Demonstrate knowledge of caliper placement and image documentation specific to each breast pathology
• Correlate ultrasound information obtained with other relevant information concerning the patient, and develop draft observation findings

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RAIT 329 - Mammography Clinical Practicum

• Educate the patient about the procedure and equipment
• Solicit and record pertinent clinical history
• Select appropriate equipment to perform the exam
• Select and record exposure factors based on the patients’ history and condition
• Position the patient to produce optimum images
• Evaluate the images and make adjustments to accommodate a patients condition or special needs
• Perform, evaluate, and record all required QC tests
• Troubleshoot artifacts and abnormal findings of the QC tests
• Participate in Interventional/Special exams - a minimum of 4
• Review 20 patient exams accomplished by the student with a radiologist regarding technique, anatomy, and pathology

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RAIT 330 - Breast Ultrasound

• List the epidemiology and risk factors of breast cancer 
• Summarize the embryonic development of the breast 
• Describe the changes in a woman’s breast due to age, parity, hormone replacement, and the normal physiologic cycle 
• Identify appropriate instrumentation and ancillary equipment 
• Correlate mammographic findings into scanning protocol 
• Identify normal breast anatomy 
• Contrast the differences in the sonographic appearance of malignant and benign masses in both the male and the female breast 
• Differentiate sonographic image appearance from other diagnostic images 
• Interrogate features of the augmented breast on Ultrasound, MRI and Mammogram 
• Discuss how the different imaging modalities complement each other in diagnosis of breast disease 
• Describe procedural technique and instrumentation for ultrasound guided invasive procedures 
• Identify image artifacts that aid and hinder diagnosis of the breast mass

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RAIT 331 - Clinical Practicum in Breast Ultrasound 1

• Demonstrate appropriate interaction with patients, physicians and staff.
• Identify the pertinent clinical questions and the goal of the examination.
• Recognize significant clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination.
• Review data from current and previous examinations to produce a written/oral summary of technical findings, including relevant interval changes, for the interpreting physician’s reference.
• Select the correct transducer type and frequency for examination(s) being performed.
• Adjust instrument controls including examination presets, scale size, focal zone(s), overall gain, time gain compensation, and frame rate to optimize image quality.
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology relevant to specialty being assessed.
• Demonstrate the ability to perform sonographic examinations of the appropriate organs and areas of interest according to professional and employing institution protocols.
• Recognize, identify and document the abnormal sonographic patterns of disease processes, pathology, and pathophysiology of the organs and areas of interest. Modify the scanning protocol based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnosis.
• Perform related measurements from sonographic images or data.
• Utilize appropriate examination recording devices to obtain pertinent documentation of examination findings.

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RAIT 340 - Fetal Echocardiography for Sonographers

• Identify the incidence of congenital heart disease, indications for the exam, and embryology of the fetal heart.
• Identify standard views, describe anatomy visualized, and label it on image
• Explain normal fetal heart physiology and identify sonographic procedures to evaluate it.
• Describe structural heart anomalies, identify them on image, and describe techniques used to create the image.
• Identify functional imaging procedures for the fetal heart and describe alternative protocols for accomplishing the exam.
• Identify acquired pathologies and describe their appearance on image.

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RAIT 341 - Clinical Practicum for Fetal Echocardiography

• Demonstrate appropriate interaction with patients, physicians and staff.
• Identify pertinent clinical questions and the goal of the examination.
• Recognize significant clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination.
• Review data from current and previous examinations to produce a written/oral summary of technical findings, including relevant interval changes, for the interpreting physician’s reference.
• Select the correct transducer type and frequency for examination(s) being performed.
• Adjust instrument controls including examination presets, scale size, focal zone(s), overall gain, time gain compensation, and frame rate to optimize image quality.
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology relevant to specialty being assessed.
• Demonstrate the ability to perform sonographic examinations of the appropriate organs and areas of interest according to professional and employing institution protocols.
• Recognize, identify and document the abnormal sonographic patterns of disease processes, pathology, and pathophysiology of the organs and areas of interest. Modify the scanning protocol based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnosis.
• Perform related measurements from sonographic images or data.
• Utilize appropriate examination recording devices to obtain pertinent documentation of examination findings.

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RAIT 344 - Sonographer Vascular Technology

• Describe and identify on images pertinent cerebrovascular, venous, peripheral arterial, and abdominal/visceral anatomy, physiology, and hemodynamics
• Identify and explain the mechanisms of disease
• Describe patient signs and symptoms for vascular pathologies
• Identify proper sonographic testing for vascular studies to include equipment used, patient positioning, technique, interpretation, and limitations
• Describe vascular radiographic MR and CT diagnostic procedures and identify their interpretations and limitations
• Identify possible patient treatments for pathologies
• Describe appropriate patient follow-up for sonographic procedures
• Explain possible sonographic applications for alternate condition and/or tests
• Apply imaging principles and vascular physics to image quality
• Apply statistical analysis for quality assurance testing of equipment and patient safety

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RAIT 345 - Clinical Practicum for Vascular Sonography

• Demonstrate appropriate interaction with the patients, physicians and staff
• Identify the pertinent clinical questions and the goal of the examination
• Recognize significant clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination.
• Review data from current and previous examinations to produce a written/oral summary of technical findings, including relevant interval changes, for the interpreting physician’s reference.
• Select the correct transducer type and frequency for examination(s) being performed.
• Adjust instrument controls including examination presets, scale size, focal zones(s), overall gain, time gain compensation, and frame rate to optimize image quality.
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of Doppler ultrasound principles, spectral analysis, and color flow imaging relevant to specialty being assessed.
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology relevant to specialty being assessed.
• Demonstrate the ability to perform sonographic examinations of the appropriate organs and areas of interest according to professional and employing institution protocols.
• Recognize, identify and document the abnormal sonographic patterns of disease processes, pathology, and pathophysiology of the organs and areas of interest. Modify the scanning protocol based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnosis.
• Perform related measurements from sonographic images or data.
• Utilize appropriate examination recording devices to obtain pertinent documentation of examination findings.

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RAIT 350 - Nuclear Cardiology

•  Discuss cardiac and myocardial anatomy and physiology in detail.
• Analyze pathologies affecting the heart and their appearance on nuclear cardiology studies of all types.
• Analyze electrocardiography tracings and identify abnormalities and artifacts.
• Discuss the radiopharmaceuticals and acquisition and processing protocols for: myocardial perfusion imaging, viability studies, equilibrium radionuclide angiography, cardiac shunt studies, and cardiac PET studies.
• Analyze nuclear cardiology studies of all types for artifacts and appropriate patient/study/equipment quality.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of treadmill, bicycle, and pharmacologic stress testing methods in clinical situations, including expected physiologic effects and end points, appropriate uses, contraindications, and mechanisms of action of pharmacologic agents.
• Discuss the effect of various cardiac drugs on cardiac function, and evaluate their use in specific situations.
• Assess scenarios involving possible medical emergencies in the nuclear cardiology department, and discuss appropriate interventions, both physical (e.g., CPR) and pharmacologic (e.g., emergency medication administration).
• Explain the diagnostic and prognostic benefits of nuclear cardiology procedures, as well as the risks involved, at both the level of a medical professional and at the level of a patient.
• Analyze the appropriateness of various non-nuclear diagnostic cardiology procedures in relation to nuclear cardiology procedures.

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RAIT 358 - Principles of Nuclear Medicine Physics

• Compare and contrast nuclear medicine and physiologic imaging to the practice of radiologic technology.
• State why some nuclides are radioactive, discuss radioactive decay modes and interactions of various radiation emissions, and utilize equations related to the decay of radioactivity.
• Outline the mechanisms and use of radiation detection instruments, including the dose calibrator, ionization survey meter, Geiger counter, scintillation detector, and (briefly) the gamma camera (including SPECT).
• Briefly discuss the concepts of radiopharmaceutical dosimetry.
• Discuss radiation safety practices in nuclear medicine, and utilize calculations using the attenuation equation.State the components of a radioactive materials license and rules that apply to handling radioactive materials.
• State the rules for radiopharmaceutical administration, perform dosage calculations, and discuss the issue of misadministration.

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RAIT 359 - Basics of Positron Emission Tomography

• Outline the basic concepts of positron emission tomography (PET), including coincidence imaging, types of events, need for attenuation correction, and time-of-flight.
• Identify the components of a PET tomograph and discuss its operation, including detector block and ring gantry design, corrections needed, reconstruction methods, quality control procedures, image acquisition, and artifacts. 
• Describe the production of PET radionuclides in a cyclotron and in a generator and the manufacture of PET radiopharmaceuticals. 
• Identify and discuss imaging procedures for commonly used PET radiopharmaceuticals, and briefly discuss the use of PET radiopharmaceuticals for research.
• Discuss in depth the physiology of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), including the need for careful patient preparation and normal variants; and identify and briefly discuss PET radiopharmaceuticals other than FDG.
• Briefly discuss 2D vs. 3D and time-of-flight imaging, dynamic image sequences, and gated imaging techniques.
• Describe performance measures used for PET tomographs and common artifacts in PET imaging.
• Discuss quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques in PET, particularly the standardized uptake value.
• Describe the benefits, acquisition techniques, and issues related to PET/CT, and briefly discuss PET/MR imaging.

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RAIT 360 - Advanced Positron Emission Tomography

• Outline daily and infrequent quality control testing for PET scanners, and analyze resulting data with regard to scanner functionality.
• Provide a basic explanation of CT, including the use of contrast media; discuss radiation dose and dose reduction techniques.
• Discuss the standardized uptake value and its application to a variety of clinical situations.
• Apply aspects of nuclear medicine physics and radiation safety to PET department operation, including measuring instruments and calculations.
• Describe acquisition, processing and display of a variety of PET studies.
• Identify sources of image artifacts.
• Discuss clinical uses, results, and patient preparation for clinical PET imaging procedures, including those of the brain, heart, bone, and whole body.
• Analyze PET case studies.
• Delineate protocols for the use of interventional pharmaceuticals in PET studies.
• Describe appropriate responses to emergency situations that can arise in the context of PET imaging.
• Explain the advantages and issues brought about by combining PET and CT.
• Discuss Medicare reimbursement issues as they pertain to PET studies, including the National Oncologic PET Registry.

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RAIT 361 - Clinical Practicum Positron Emission Tomography 1

• Evaluate appropriate equipment function using daily quality control results.
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop an appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order. 
• Verify that correct information is present to allow for insurance reimbursement.
• Prepare the patient for procedure, including verification of patient history and other details, blood glucose testing, and answering patient questions. 
• Administer the PET radiopharmaceutical and other medications as directed, using appropriate radiation safety precautions.
• Monitor patient before, during and after the procedure, depending on the protocol and medications administered.
• Process and evaluate images and identify anatomy based on image interpretation; label and display according to accepted practices.
• Perform image fusion and determine standardized uptake values as necessary.
• Analyze ethical issues relating to nuclear medicine procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting.
• Demonstrate empathy towards all kinds of patients encountered in the PET suite.
• Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given PET and PET/CT procedures based on specific case studies.

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RAIT 399 - Independent Study

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RAIT 401 - Advanced Sectional Anatomy

• Identify related anatomy on CT (Computed Tomography) and MR (Magnetic Resonance) images in all planes as they relate to neuro and vascular anatomy, and body joints and extremities 
• Predict the relative location of structures surrounding the identified anatomy.
• Were appropriate, diagram anatomical structures. 
• Differentiate between normal and abnormal anatomy taking into account anatomic variances, and discussing supporting evidence. 
• Compare and contrast CT (Computed Tomography) and MR (Magnetic Resonance) images, including a discussion of their respective roles and effectiveness in diagnostic accuracy for specific cases.
• Analyze and apply the selection process of imaging technology and protocol based on specific cases
• Debate the level of uncertainties associated with interpreting anatomical images and present strategies on how to handle these uncertainties

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RAIT 410 - Advanced Computed Tomography Procedures

• Compare and contrast single detector and multidetector technology, and discuss respective applications, advantages and limitations 
• Evaluate critical measurements of renal function relative to risk-benefit of renal function contrast exams 
• Analyze possible contrast reactions, equipment needed for treatment, and interventional procedures utilized 
• Create protocols for exams of the thorax, abdomen, and extremities using a 3d workstation, and analyze supporting decisions 
• Evaluate single detector protocols for neuro exams and create protocols for a multidetector 3 d workstation 
• Examine pediatric exams that utilize multidetector 3 d work stations and evaluate patient safety concerns

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RAIT 411 - Clinical Practicum II in CT

• Prepare supplies according to procedures
• Monitor equipment following procedures and protocols.
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order
• Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally.
• Administer medications as directed
• Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure
• Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care
• Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality
• Identify anatomy based on image interpretation
• Set radiographic technique based on specific conditions
• Identify and label images created according to accepted practices
• Analyze ethical issues relating to radiographic procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting
• Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given CT (Computed Tomography) procedures based on specific case studies

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RAIT 415 - Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedures

• Present and evaluate advances in techniques that allow for fast scanning, EPI (Echo-Planar Imaging) diffusion, and other functional imaging. 
• Describe time of flight and phase contrast, and assess enhancing techniques used in angiography. 
• Analyze considerations for patient set-up of breast imaging including implants, biopsy, cancer staging. 
• Discuss the proper operation and applications of automatic injectors
• Assess specialized hardware components of leading edge MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) systems
• Identify anatomy, list clinical indications, describe patient set-up (including lead placement and EKG -Electro Cardiogram- signal) and explain the reasons for sequences in cardiac imaging. 
• Evaluate and discuss new clinical applications of MR (Magnetic Resonance).

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RAIT 416 - Clinical Practicum II in MRI

• Prepare supplies according to procedures.
• Monitor equipment following procedure and protocols. 
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order. 
• Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally. 
• Administer medications as directed.
• Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure.
• Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care.
• Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality.
• Identify anatomy based on image interpretation.
• Set radiographic technique based on specific conditions.
• Identify and label images created according to accepted practices.
• Analyze ethical issues relating to radiographic procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting.     
• Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers.
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) procedures based on specific case studies 

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RAIT 421 - Clinical Practicum II in Vascular Interventional

• Prepare supplies according to procedures 
• Monitor equipment following procedure and protocols. 
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order. 
• Prepare the patient for procedure, both physically and mentally. 
• Administer medications as directed 
• Perform patient assessment and monitoring before, during and after the procedure 
• Examine the elements of and accomplish follow-up patient care. 
• Process and evaluate images, and develop recommendations for procedure adjustment based on image quality 
• Identify anatomy based on image interpretation 
• Set radiographic technique based on specific conditions 
• Identify and label images created according to accepted practices 
• Analyze ethical issues relating to radiographic procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting 
• Demonstrate effective communication skills with patients and co-workers 
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given vascular-interventional procedures based on specific case studies 

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RAIT 430 - Neurosonology

Admission to the Radiation & Imaging Sciences BAS program or permission of the Program Chair.

Course Outcomes

• Describe and explain neurophysiology as appropriate to the premature and neonate patient.
• Discuss and describe brain and spine pathology and pathophysiology as appropriate in the premature and neonate patient.
• Compare and contrast the indications, utility, limitations and technical procedures for the uncooperative pediatric patient, and the critically ill premature or neonate patient.
• Analyze the pediatric sonographic images.

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RAIT 434 - Musculoskeletal Ultrasound - Lower Extremity

• Describe and explain physiology as appropriate to the musculoskeletal of the lower extremities Interrogate, identify and document MSK pathology on ultrasound images
• Discuss and describe protocols for interrogating the joint pathology
• Compare and contrast the utility of MRI, CT and MSK ultrasound imaging
• Differentiate musculoskeletal pathology including strains, sprains, tears, inflammation, entrapments, cysts and masses
• Analyze MSK of the lower extremity video clips

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RAIT 440 - Pediatric Sonography

• Describe and explain physiology as appropriate to the premature neonate and pediatric patient.
• Discuss and describe abdominal pathology, pathophysiology, and hemodynamics in different types of disease as appropriate in the pediatric patient.
• Compare and contrast the indications, utility, limitations and technical procedures for pediatric studies such as interventional procedures, pediatric hip maneuvers, the uncooperative pediatric patient, and the critically ill pediatric patient.
• Analyze pediatric sonographic images.

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RAIT 444 - Musculoskeletal Ultrasound - Upper Extremity

• Describe and explain physiology as appropriate to the musculoskeletal structure of the upper extremities.
• Discuss and describe protocols for interrogating the joint pathology.
• Compare and contrast the utility of MRI, CT and MSK ultrasound imaging.
• Identify and document MSK pathology on ultrasound images.
• Analyze MSK of the lower extremity video clips.

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RAIT 455 - Nuclear Medicine Concept Integration

• Starting from the scenario given, identify issues relevant to nuclear medicine practice and comment on how each might be dealt with.
• Synthesize information learned in a variety of settings into a comprehensive approach to the scenario presented.
• Discriminate between issues that are pertinent to a particular scenario and those that are peripheral to it.
• Actively participate in class discussions on each scenario, and where appropriate, justify and/or defend one’s position.

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RAIT 461 - Clinical Practicum II in PET

• Evaluate appropriate equipment function using daily quality control results.
• Evaluate and interpret requisitions, and develop appropriate protocol to respond to physician’s order.
• Verify that correct information is present to allow for insurance reimbursement.
• Prepare the patient for procedure, including verification of patient history and other details, blood glucose testing, and answering patient questions.
• Administer the PET radiopharmaceutical and other medications as directed, using appropriate radiation safety precautions.
• Monitor patient before, during and after the procedure, depending on the protocol and medications administered.
• Process and evaluate images and identify anatomy based on image interpretation; label and display according to accepted practices.
• Perform image fusion and determine standardized uptake values as necessary.
• Analyze ethical issues relating to nuclear medicine procedures and demonstrate ethical behavior and attitude in the clinical setting.
• Communicate effectively and empathetically with patients and co-workers.
• Assess the indications and contradictions for given PET and PET/CT procedures based on specific case studies.

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RAIT 465 - Capstone Proposal

• Develop professional and educational goals that will be accomplished through the capstone project as well as upon program completion
• Develop capstone project objectives, strategy, environment, and resources
• Identify the courses that include information or concepts to be included in the capstone project
• Utilize scholarly literature to support capstone project proposal
• Identify and recruit subject matter experts who will add valuable contribution to the project, and interact with the experts in a professional and efficient manner
• Identify a mentor/advisor and describe his/her connection to the project

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RAIT 475 - Capstone Project

• Integrate skills and knowledge acquired from different courses and experiences 
• Implement a project plan following appropriate methods and tools 
• Evaluate, develop and apply effective methods to manage project milestones and timelines 
• Develop an effective report and presentation commensurate with the scope and complexity of the project 
• Present information in an effective format and debate issues with audience using a constructive approach 
• Research information using a range of resources, including literature and periodicals, expert interviews, and existing case studies 

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RAIT 494 - Radiation & Imaging Sciences Special Topics

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RAIT 495 - Radiation & Imaging Sciences Special Topics

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RAIT 496 - Radiation & Imaging Sciences Special Topics

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RAIT 497 - Radiation & Imaging Sciences Special Topics

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RADON 100 - Principles of Oncology

• Define selected statistical terminology.
• Apply statistical analysis to cancer trends and other cancer data.
• Describe the nature of cancer and identify the role genes play in the cause of cancer.
• Describe various systems used to classify cancer and discuss the application of each of system in the management of cancer.
• Compare and contrast the behavioral characteristics of benign and malignant tumors.
• Analyze cancer incidence rates and epidemiological data in terms of such factors as age, gender, ethnicity, geography, prevalence and risk.
• Compare and contrast the methods by which cancer spreads.
• Evaluate the diagnostic tools used in the detection of cancer.
• Discuss the importance of public education and mass screening in the detection of cancer.
• Analyze the goals of curative and palliative management of cancer.
• Describe the principles of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy in cancer management.
• Analyze the role of clinical trials in establishing current treatment methods and possible future cures for cancer.
• Describe the role of radiation therapy in cancer management.
  
  
  

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RADON 101 - Principles of Dose Calculation

• Analyze the purpose of the radiation therapy prescription
• Compare and contrast a radiation therapy prescription to a general medical prescription
• Apply specific geometric figures to radiation therapy applications
• Apply specific trigonometry functions to radiation therapy applications
• Identify the factors included in basic monitor unit calculations
• Compare the information included in specific radiation therapy beam data tables
• Apply mathematical interpolation and extrapolation models to beam data tables
• Apply the beam data tables for basic monitor unit calculations
• Evaluate potential sources or errors in calculations for patient treatments
• Calculate a monitor unit setting within 2% accuracy of a computer calculation

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RADON 104 - Radiation Therapy Physics I

• Discuss the three laws of thermodynamics
• Describe the fundamental forces of nature and their application in radiation therapy physics
• Analyze atomic structure and its application in the production of X-rays
• Explain radioactivity and the process of radioactive decay
• Solve equations and interpret graphs involving natural logarithms
• Discuss the use of brachytherapy sources for cancer treatment and the radiation safety procedures when working with brachytherapy sources
• Analyze the interactions of photons with matter as they relate to radiography and radiation therapy
• Analyze the factors that affect beam quality

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RADON 105 - Principles & Practice of Radiation Therapy I

• Analyze and accurately apply the special quantities and units for radiation therapy.
• Compare and contrast the use of brachytherapy and external beam for radiation therapy treatments.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of low energy radiation therapy treatments.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of high-energy radiation therapy treatments.
• Analyze the source design used in the Colbalt-60 treatment machine.
• Discuss the use of the Cobalt-60 treatment machine in the treatment of patients who have cancer.
• Describe the major components of a modern medical linear accelerator.
• Analyze the use newer technologies, such as independent jaws, multileaf collimators, dynamic wedges and real-time portal imaging associated with modern medical linear accelerators.
• Analyze the appropriate use of beam directional devices, bolus, blocks, wedges and compensators in megavoltage radiation therapy treatments.
• Compare and contrast the purpose of wedges and compensators in megavoltage radiation therapy treatments.
  
  

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RADON 106 - Imaging and Processing in Radiation Oncology

• Describe the various types of digital receptors distinguishing between cassette-based systems and cassette-less systems using terminology associated with digital imaging systems.
• Describe the components and the operation of a conventional simulator.
• Compare the advantages and limits of each digital imaging detector, evaluate the spatial resolution and dose effectiveness.
• Describe the fundamental physical principles of exposure for digital detectors.
• Describe the selection of technical factors to ensure appropriate receptor exposure, and relate the receptor exposure indicator values to technical factors, part/beam/plate alignment and patient exposure.
• Describe image acquisition precautions necessary for digital imaging to include background and scatter radiation, and errors associated with grid cutoff and Moiré effect.
• Describe the various image processing employed for digital images and common limitations and technical problems encountered when using digital imaging systems.
• Examine the potential impact of digital imaging systems on patient exposure and methods of practicing the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) concept with digital systems.
• Describe picture archiving and communications system (PACS), digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) and their functions.
• Apply techniques to enhance image details and reduce image distortion, and analyze relationships of factors affecting image contrast, density and resolution to determine optimal image quality for a conventional simulator.
• Determine artifact types, cause and preventive measures needed for soft copy images and hardcopy films.
• Explain the basic principles of image formation for each of the following modalities: MR, CT, ultrasound and nuclear medicine. 

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RADON 107 - Orientation to Clinical Practice

• Discuss general etiology and epidemiology of HIV infection.
• Identify forms of transmission and infection control.
• Define HIPAA and identify its origins and rationale; identify the standards for compliance, the parties responsible, and penalties for non-compliance.
• Recognize and provide care in respiratory and cardiac emergencies in adult, child and infant victims.
• Identify risk factors associated with workplace violence and types of employees at greatest risk.
• Describe general personal safety principles and practices.

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RADON 111 - Clinical Practice I

• Explain program policies and procedures.
• Describe general hospital personnel and organization
• Define specific roles of departmental personnel
• Identify professional organizations and regulatory bodies specific to radiation therapy.
• Demonstrate correct body mechanics when transferring or assisting a patient.
• Identify common methods of treatment used in radiation oncology.
• Interpret the patient set-up instructions and correctly prepare the treatment room for the patient. 
• Place the patient on the treatment couch in the appropriate position following chart instructions and employ patient immobilization devices when necessary.
• Locate the correct skin marks or tattoos for each patient.
• Assist the therapist in the triangulation of a patient.
• Use the pendant to sidelight patients.
• Demonstrate the ability to set the correct field size and collimator angles for symmetrical fields.
• Using the visual and audio monitors, observe the patient during treatment and listen for patient sounds such as coughing.
• Demonstrate radiation safety procedures to be used in the radiation oncology department.

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RADON 112 - Clinical Practice II

• Set the correct field size for asymmetrical treatment fields. Student shall be able to locate the central axis and read SSD’s on asymmetrical fields.
• Analyze which treatments require collimator reciprocation, and then accurately reciprocate the collimator on such treatments.
• Increase proficiency and accuracy in pendant operation.
• Identify the correct SSD for treatment, and then set that SSD on the patient.
• Identify when beam modification devices are necessary, and then safely and correctly place them in the machine or on the patient.
• Identify when a patient needs immobilization, and appropriately immobilize that patient using required apparatus (such as face masks, tape or alpha cradle)
• Perform accurately the pendant set up on simple treatments such as AP/PA lung or 4 field pelvis fields.
• Assess and evaluate the patient’s physical status (pulse, respiration, blood counts) and mental status prior to delivery of radiation.
• Establish appropriate and effective written, oral and nonverbal communication with patient and their family, using cultural competence techniques.
• Operate within the radiation scope of practice, regardless of personal beliefs and the appropriateness of patient’s treatment.
• Assess and evaluate psychological and physical changes in the patient’s condition and formulate appropriate actions.
• Interact with the patient and family to provide psychosocial support.
• Establish values and attitudes congruent with the profession’s standards and ethics.

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RADON 113 - Clinical Practice III

• Identify diagnosis, pathology and stage of disease for each patient.
• Participate in the warm-up procedure of the treatment unit, record machine parameters accurately.
• Implement and deliver a prescribed course of treatment, adhering to college, program and departmental, governmental and professional standards with SUPERVISOR APPROVAL ONLY.
• Use pendant to set up an electron field with the gantry and table at 180°.
• Tattoo a patient using universal body substance precautions.
• Use the pendant to set up treatment fields such as whole brain, head and neck, oblique lung and tangent breast. Student must set the correct SSD, use the correct blocking and beam modification devices for the entire treatment.
• Exhibit continued clear communication skills with patients and staff. For example, give instructions or explanations to the patients, relate patient information to staff members.
• Compare port films with simulation films to determine accuracy of treatment.
• Perform manual dosimetry calculations.
  
  
  
  
  

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RADON 114 - Clinical Practice IV

• Explain routine procedures such as first day routines, rationale for imaging procedures, and instructions as needed.
• List potential side effects in patients and report those that the patient actually experiences. Observe and report on specific treatments for side effect management. Students are not required to explain or perform side effect management during this quarter.
• Perform terminal competencies on simple treatments.
• Perform at least three dosimetry calculations per week.
• Analyze which tasks need to be accomplished during each treatment.
• Perform the tasks as a team member and anticipate which tasks need to be performed next.
• Differentiate between tumor lethal dose and normal tissue tolerance dose.
• Construct/prepare immobilization, beam directional and beam modification devices.
• Document treatment and care in the patient record.
• Perform simple simulation procedures.

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RADON 115 - Principles of Simulation

• Explain the purpose and importance of the simulation process in radiation therapy.
• Identify the legal aspects of the simulation process.
• Correctly identify critical anatomical structures on X-ray & CT images.
• Describe patient positioning strategies and analyze the use of specific positioning devices.
• Compare and contrast fluoroscopic simulation with CT simulation. State the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
• Compare and contrast contouring methods in fluoroscopic simulation Vs CT simulation.
• Demonstrate accurate documentation in patient chart of a simulation procedure.
• Demonstrate 2 methods of accurate measurement to determine separations and SSD’s.
• Explain the methods to define treatment parameters in simple treatments in both fluoroscopic and CT simulators.

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RADON 119 - Legal Issues in the Radiologic Sciences

• Compare and contrast specific ethical theories as they relate to the radiologic sciences.
• Explain how medical professional codes of ethics are related to specific ethical theories.
• Apply ethical principles to the practice of radiation oncology.
• Describe a process for ethical decision-making and apply it appropriately to specific ethical problems in the radiologic sciences.
• Explain the relationship between patient autonomy and informed consent. Describe situations in which the informed consent process may legally be eliminated.
• Identify the purpose of confidentiality in the health care setting and identify legal exceptions to the disclosure of information.
• Define tort, negligence and malpractice. Identify the ethical obligations of a radiation therapist regarding risk management.
• Identify ethical and legal end of life issues as they apply to the radiation oncology.
• Discuss specific justice issues in health care. Explain how distributive justice issues effect the quality of health care delivery in the US.
• Identify ethical issues that occur specifically with non-dominant cultures. Demonstrate ways to work ethically with non-dominant cultures in the radiation oncology department.
• Identify and analyze legal and ethical issues involving the radiation therapy student, making specific applications to the student’s own clinical practice.
• Analyze and apply student’s own ethical perspective on specific issues in health care such as confidentiality, risk management, patient rights and dying issues.

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RADON 120 - Radiologic Sciences Patient Care

• Define the word roots and combining forms used to describe the organs and structures.
• Define suffixes and prefixes in medical words.
• Build and analyze medical terms related to the organs, structures, and systems.
• Explain the meaning of new medical words by defining the elements.
• Explain the radiation therapist’s role in relation to the oncologist, referring physician, hospital administration, nursing personnel, and other hospital staff.
• List and discuss the five principles of the Code of Ethics for Radiation Therapists.
• List the American Hospital Association Patient’s Bill of Rights and discuss the legal ramifications as they relate to the Radiation Therapist.
• Describe factors relative to effective communication with patients of all ages, conditions, and backgrounds; and discuss how professional attitudes and communication affect patient care.
• Describe appropriate infection control procedures to include airborne and bloodborne pathogens, and the radiation therapist’s role in prevention of disease transmission.
• List the three concepts that are applied to body mechanics, and explain the basic principles of body mechanics.
• Compare and contrast medical and surgical asepsis techniques.
• Identify the normal ranges for body temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure; and explain the implication of abnormal vital signs.
• Identify the various medical emergencies that can occur in the Radiation Therapy Department, and describe the signs, symptoms and therapist actions for each.
• Describe the unique care appropriate for each type of special needs patient treated in the Radiation Therapy Department.
• List the drug categories relevant to radiation therapy, and describe their indications and methods of administration.
• Describe the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and infectious control guidelines of HIV/AIDS.

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RADON 127 - Sectional Anatomy

• Describe the body organization and identify the anatomical planes.
• Identify normal anatomical structures in axial, sagittal and coronal anatomical planes.
• Differentiate between CT and MRI images and explain the major differences between these modalities.
• Locate and describe normal anatomy on CT and MRI images.
• Describe the normal anatomy near a given tumor location.
• Evaluate a radiation therapy treatment plan for tumor dose and dose to normal structures.
• Describe anatomic structures in three dimensions.
  
  

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RADON 130 - Psychosocial Aspects of Cancer Care

• Identify and define psychosocial factors related to working with cancer patients and their families.
• Explain Kubler-Ross’s Five Steps of Death and Dying and identify this process in specific clinical cases. The student shall be able to articulate his/her personal beliefs and attitudes towards terminal illness and death.
• Compare and contrast reactions of cancer patients and their families to their diagnosis.
• Demonstrate effective therapeutic communication techniques with patients and their families through oral and written exercises.
• Produce a journal that demonstrates the student’s implementation of effective stress reduction strategies.
• Demonstrate through the use of case studies the application of classroom topics to the clinical setting.
• List local community resources available to cancer patients and assess their accessibility and cost to patients.
  
  

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RADON 150 - Pathology

• Define the words associated with alterations of cell growth.
• Describe the history and theory of image production of CT, MRI, Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, and Bone Densitometry.
• Discuss the rational and indications for imaging studies using CT, MRI, Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, and Bone Densitometry.
• Compare and contrast acute and chronic inflammation.
• Describe how tumors are classified, staged and graded; and compare and contrast benign and malignant neoplasms.
• Describe the normal structure and function of the blood, heart, blood vessels, excretory system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and skin.
• Identify the four types of body habitus; and describe the location and structures of the four quadrants and nine regions of the abdomen.
• Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of diseases of the blood, heart, blood vessels, excretory system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and skin.
• List and explain the diagnostic procedures used to diagnose diseases of the blood, heart, blood vessels, excretory system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and skin.

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RADON 194 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 195 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 196 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 197 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 199 - Individual Study in Radiation Therapy Technology

• Individual study course. Outcomes dependent upon topic selected between student and teacher.

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RADON 201 - Radiation Therapy Physics II

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RADON 202 - Treatment Planning I

• Explain the treatment planning process.
• Describe and analyze the objectives of treatment planning.
• Describe, analyze and apply the volumes used to plan and administer a course of radiation therapy.
• Explain the purpose of the radiation therapy simulator.
• Describe the simulation process to a patient.
• Identify possible medical emergencies that can occur when using contrast agents.
• Analyze various treatment positions used for radiation therapy treatments.
• Describe the proper documentation of a patient’s treatment position.
• Analyze situations requiring patient immobilization and apply appropriate immobilization devices.
• Evaluate the use of manual and imaging methods for producing patient contours used in the treatment planning process.

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RADON 203 - Treatment Planning II

• Analyze the factors that affect the dose distribution isodose shown on isodose charts
• Evaluate dose distributions for various beam energies and patient contours
• Appraise the changes in dose distributions created by oblique incidence and tissue inhomogeneities
• Analyze the criteria for selection of treatment fields
• Design treatment field arrangements for the treatment of specified cancers
• Calculate monitor unit settings and point doses
• Evaluate various monitor unit and dose distribution models selecting the appropriate model for specific calculation situations 

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RADON 204 - Treatment Planning III

• Evaluate the appropriate clinical situations for using electron beam or orthovoltage beam therapy
  
• Identify the physical limitations for electron beam therapy
  
• Compare moving beam dose distributions to stationary beam dose distributions
  
• Calculate point doses for weighted treatment fields
  
• Design models for tabulation of weighted field doses
  
• Identify clinical situations involving adjacent fields
  
• Examine the issues of adjacent field treatments
  
• Analyze scatter distribution for shaped fields
  
• Apply specific models for determining the scatter component for high energy photon beams
  
• Evaluate the differences between 2D and 3D calculation computations and dose distributions
  
• Examine the use of new technologies such as IMRT and Stereotactic radiation therapy
  

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RADON 211 - Clinical Practice V

• Evaluate the patient’s physical status and condition prior to administering radiation treatment.
• Construct/prepare immobilization, beam directional and beam modification devices.
• Perform simulation and localization procedures (may also be accomplished in Clinical Practice VI or VII)
• Perform manual dosimetry calculations.
• Clearly explain side effects and their management to patients on treatment.
• Assess routine tasks such as noting when images need to be taken, changes in treatment, field(s), blocking and/or scheduled cone downs or boosts.
• Identify changes in daily schedules. Prepare treatment room and get the next patient without prompting.
• Communicate any schedule, or technical changes in treatment to the treatment team, or appropriate personnel. Communicate patient related problems to the appropriate personnel.
• Maintain accurate records of daily treatment.
• Take the lead when treating complex treatments such as a 4-field breast, 3 field partial brain, mantle fields, etc.
  
  

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RADON 212 - Clinical Practice VI

• Perform manual dosimetry calculations.
• Perform complex simulation and localization procedures (as assigned)
• Interpret patient side effects and or complications to create an interdisciplinary management strategy that fosters prevention, healing and comfort.
• Maintain accurate records of daily treatment, noting changes in procedures and/or physician and nursing instructions in charts.
• Recognize discrepancies between set ups, simulation films, port films and written instructions.
• Identify common, simple machine faults during the operation of the treatment unit and demonstrate the ability to problem solve these situations in order to complete safe treatment.
• “Take the lead” on simple first day treatments. Thoroughly read chart prior to treatment, use the pendant for set up, and explain procedures to patient.
• Demonstrate critical thinking skills when clinical pjroblems occur.
  
  
  

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RADON 213 - Clinical Practice VII

• Perform manual dosimetry calculations.
• Recognize and problem-solve discrepancies, which occur between set ups, simulation and portal images and written instructions.
• Evaluate and assess daily the physiologic and psychological responsiveness of each patient to treatment delivery.
• Apply the principles of total quality management. Perform chart checks, verify prescriptions, recognize errors in computation and recognize discrepancies in treatment parameters.
• Detect equipment malfunctions and select appropriate action.
• Design, compare and contrast treatment plans (as assigned).
• Differentiate and prioritize between emergency and non-emergency radiation therapy procedures.
• Implement strategies that assure professional development at a level of clinical practice consistent with acceptable standards.
• Take the lead on complex first day treatments. Thoroughly reads the chart and instructions prior to treatment, use the pendant for set up, and explain procedures to patient.
• Demonstrate critical thinking skills when clinical problems occur.
  
  

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RADON 214 - Clinical Practice VIII

• Detect equipment malfunctions and select appropriate action.
• Design, compare and contrast treatment plans. Apply the interpretation of treatment plans to the treatment procedure.
• Perform manual and computer dosimetry calculations.
• Interpret patient side effects and/or complications to create an interdisciplinary management strategy that fosters prevention, healing and comfort.
• Evaluate and assess daily the physiologic and psychological responsiveness of each patient to treatment delivery.
• Provide radiation therapy services by contributing as an essential member of the radiation oncology treatment team through provision of total quality care of each patient undergoing a prescribed course of treatment.
• Evaluate and assess all aspects of treatment delivery.
• Complete all competencies and senior rotations.
• Demonstrate critical thinking skills when clinical problems occur.
  

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RADON 220 - Principles & Practice of Radiation Therapy II

• Describe the role and scope of surgical oncology, medical oncology radiation oncology, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, other new technologies and multidisciplinary approaches in the management of neoplastic disease.
• Assess epidemiologic and etiologic information and risk factors pertinent to each anatomic site.
• Describe the clinical presentation of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Compare detection and diagnostic mechanisms used to identify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Apply the grading and staging systems used to classify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the principles and practice of radiation oncology simulation and treatment as they apply to neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Describe the parameters of treatment field design and arrangement used to treat neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in palliative disease management to ensure patient quality of life.
• Describe treatment regimens and fractionalization schemes used in palliative disease management.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in emergency treatment applications.
• Describe and differentiate the syndromes encountered in emergency scenarios that would use radiation therapy in their management.
• Identify patient acute and chronic side effects and/or complications encountered during and after a course of therapy to create a management strategy that fosters healing and comfort for neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Establish and evaluate the role of the radiation therapist in regard to scope of practice in administering radiation therapy in the management of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.

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RADON 221 - Principles & Practice of Radiation Therapy III

• Describe the role and scope of surgical oncology, medical oncology radiation oncology, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, other new technologies and multidisciplinary approaches in the management of neoplastic disease.
• Assess epidemiologic and etiologic information and risk factors pertinent to each anatomic site.
• Describe the clinical presentation of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Compare detection and diagnostic mechanisms used to identify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Apply the grading and staging systems used to classify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the principles and practice of radiation oncology simulation and treatment as they apply to neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Describe the parameters of treatment field design and arrangement used to treat neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in palliative disease management to ensure patient quality of life.
• Describe treatment regimens and fractionalization schemes used in palliative disease management.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in emergency treatment applications.
• Describe and differentiate the syndromes encountered in emergency scenarios that would use radiation therapy in their management.
• Identify patient acute and chronic side effects and/or complications encountered during and after a course of therapy to create a management strategy that fosters healing and comfort for neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Establish and evaluate the role of the radiation therapist in regard to scope of practice in administering radiation therapy in the management of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.

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RADON 222 - Principles & Practice of Radiation Therapy IV

• Describe the role and scope of surgical oncology, medical oncology radiation oncology, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, other new technologies and multidisciplinary approaches in the management of neoplastic disease.
• Assess epidemiologic and etiologic information and risk factors pertinent to each anatomic site.
• Describe the clinical presentation of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Compare detection and diagnostic mechanisms used to identify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Apply the grading and staging systems used to classify neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the principles and practice of radiation oncology simulation and treatment as they apply to neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Describe the parameters of treatment field design and arrangement used to treat neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in palliative disease management to ensure patient quality of life.
• Describe treatment regimens and fractionalization schemes used in palliative disease management.
• Analyze the role and scope of radiation therapy used in emergency treatment applications.
• Describe and differentiate the syndromes encountered in emergency scenarios that would use radiation therapy in their management.
• Identify patient acute and chronic side effects and/or complications encountered during and after a course of therapy to create a management strategy that fosters healing and comfort for neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.
• Establish and evaluate the role of the radiation therapist in regard to scope of practice in administering radiation therapy in the management of neoplastic diseases associated with each anatomic site.

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RADON 224 - Concept Integration

• Describe the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Content Specification in Radiation Therapy.
• Describe the models for question development.
• Develop a review process, based on the Content Specification, in preparation for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Examination in Radiation Therapy.
• Develop mock examination questions following the ARRT Content Specification in Radiation Therapy.
• Develop and follow a process for verifying answers to the mock examination questions.
• Complete the application process to sit for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Examination in Radiation Therapy.

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RADON 240 - Radiation Biology

• Describe atomic structure and identify different nuclear arrangements
• Describe characteristics of radiation, x-ray production and the fundamentals of interactions with matter.
• Identify units of dose and exposure, and apply the correct unit to the appropriate situation.
• Describe radiation effects on molecules, cells, tissues and the body as a whole.
• Analyze factors affecting biological response, including acute and chronic effects of radiation.
• Apply principles of radiation protection, including the responsibilities of the therapist for patients, personnel and the public.
• Discuss pertinent radiation events to determine fact versus fiction and possible early versus late effects to the population.
• Identify federal and state guidelines governing the proper use of ionizing radiation for medical purposes.

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RADON 294 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 295 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 296 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 297 - Special Topics in Radiation Therapy

• Special topics course. Outcomes dependent upon selected topic each quarter.

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RADON 299 - Individual Study in Radiation Therapy Technique

• Individual study course. Outcomes dependent upon topic selected between student and teacher.

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RATEC 101 - Introduction to Radiologic Technology

• Identify the policies governing students in the Radiologic Technology program as explained in the Student Handbook.
• Identify the outcomes expected of a successful student in the Radiologic Technology program. 
  
•  List the health team professionals commonly associated with diagnostic imaging, and explain their respective roles in the health team
  approach to patient care. 
•  Identify the professional associations and certification bodies involved with imaging professionals. 
• Explain the certification law in Washington, and compare and contrast this with licensing. 
• State when, where, how, and by whom x-rays were discovered, and relate this to the historical development of the radiographer. 
• Identify basic radiation protection guidelines for the patient and the technologist. 
• Define the term “technique” and identify the major components associated with this term. 
• Explain the formation of a radiographic image using screen-film technology, and compare and contrast this to a digital image. 
• Give a brief historical sketch of radiation protection awareness by physicians, technologists and patients.

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RATEC 102 - Radiographic Physics

• Define terms related to matter, energy, standards of measurement and atomic structure and relate them to the x-ray machine.
• List and define terms related to electromagnetic radiation and x-rays in particular.
• List 6 methods of ionization and relate them to the operation of the x-ray table.
• List the laws of magnetism and relate electromagnetism to the appropriate parts of the x-ray machine.
• Explain the relationships between magnetism and electricity and apply these relationships to pertinent electromagnetic devices used in the x-ray circuit.
• Describe the production of attenuating current and identify the importance of AC to the production of x-rays.
• Identify the components of an x-ray tube, their composition, their functions, and explain the series of events facilitating the production of  x-rays.
• State the two types of x-rays produced, and describe the conditions under which are produced.
• Identify the components of an intensified floroscopy unit and describe how an image is created and controlled by a technologist.
• Define terms specific to tomography and identify the conditions under which a linear tomographic image is created
• Describe the critical compnents of a CT system, describe how an image is created, and identify pathologies that are best imaged by a CT scanner. 
• Idenitfy types of magnetic imaging equipment and list safety considerations for each.
• Define terms specific to the MR imaging.
• Describe how an image is created with magnetic resonance.
• Identify future possibilities for MRI with consideration fo various anatomical and pathological conditions.

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RATEC 103 - Principles of Radiographic Exposure

• Relate manipulation of technical factors to the operation of the x-ray tube and the production of x-rays.
• Define filtration, identify the legal requirements, and discuss the effect of it on the primary beam.
• Describe potential interactions of x-ray with matter.
• Explain HIS , RIS and PACS and their respective uses in a medical center.
• Vary technical factors to achieve image quality and demonstrate ALARA given various imaging scenarios.
• Identify elements that effect image quality factors.
• Compare and contrast various image receptors.
• Describe structure and function of image receptors components.
• Differentiate among the types of image acquisition systems.
• Define key elements in image display.
• Discuss personal responsibilities for correctly marking images, maintaining personal repeat rates, and preventing artifacts.
• Identify ethical considerations associated with technology superseding knowledgeable application of the digital imaging capabilities

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RATEC 104 - Advanced Radiographic Procedures

• Compare and contrast the different types of contrast media used for radiographic examinations.
• Describe possible reactions to contrast media and categorize them according to severity.
• Perform venipuncture in the laboratory setting.
• Identify and describe the anatomy and function of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, and the breast.
• List and describe the basic and supplemental positions/projections of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, spinal cord, articulations, and the breast to include preferred type and size of image receptor, central ray location, and structures best visualized.
•  Describe equipment considerations and exposure factors relative to radiography of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, spinal cord, articulations and the breast.
• Demonstrate the basic positions/projections of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, spinal cord, articulations and the breast.
• State the criteria used to determine positioning accuracy on radiographs of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, spinal cord, articulations and the breast.
• Evaluate radiographs of the urinary system, gastrointestinal system, biliary system, spinal cord, articulations and the breast in terms of positioning, centering, image quality, radiographic anatomy, and simple pathology.
•  List and define several types of surgical procedures that require radiographic images, and describe the function of the radiologic technologist in obtaining these images

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RATEC 105 - Introduction to Radiographic Technique

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RATEC 107 - Positioning & Related Anatomy I

• Define the terminology used to describe body planes, body part location, patient/part positioning, and body movement.
• Describe the appropriate steps for completion of a radiographic examination to include room/patient/equipment preparation, appropriate use of lead identification markers, and post-examination procedure. 
• Identify and describe the basic anatomy of the respiratory system and the abdominopelvic cavity.
•  Identify and describe the bones of the fingers, hand, wrist, and distal forearm.
• Locate and name surface markings found on the phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, distal radius, and ulna.
• Classify the articulations of the phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, distal radius, and ulna; and identify their type of movement.
• List and describe the basic and supplemental positions/projections of the chest, abdomen, hand, and wrist to include preferred type and size of image receptor, central ray location, and structures best visualized.
• Describe equipment considerations and exposure factors relative to radiography of the chest, abdomen, hand, and wrist.
• Demonstrate the basic positions/projections of the chest, abdomen, hand, and wrist.
•  State the criteria used to determine positioning accuracy on radiographs of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle.
•  Evaluate radiographs of the chest, abdomen, hand, and wrist in terms of positioning, centering, image quality, radiographic anatomy, and simple pathology.

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RATEC 108 - Positioning & Related Anatomy II

• Identify and describe the bones of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle.
• Locate and name surface markings found on the radius, ulna, humerus, scapula, clavicle, phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia, fibula, patella, femur, and pelvis.
• Classify the articulations of the radius, ulna, humerus, scapula, clavicle, phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia, fibula, patella, femur, and pelvis; and identify their type of movement.
• List and describe the basic and supplemental positions/projections of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle to include preferred type and size of image receptor, central ray location, and structures best visualized.
• Describe equipment considerations and exposure factors relative to radiography of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle.
• Demonstrate the basic positions/projections of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle.
• State the criteria used to determine positioning accuracy on radiographs of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle.
• Evaluate radiographs of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and pelvic girdle in terms of positioning, centering, image quality, radiographic anatomy, and simple pathology.

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